1. What is C++?

C++ is a general-purpose programming language used to develop software, desktop applications, games, operating systems, embedded systems, and high-performance applications.

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs. It was first introduced in 1985.

C++ is an extension of the C programming language, with additional features such as Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

High Performance: Compiled directly into machine code, making it ideal for systems programming and resource-intensive software.
Low-Level Control: Supports pointers, direct memory manipulation, and manual memory management.
Standard Library (STL): Includes a built-in collection of data structures (such as vectors and maps) and algorithms.
Language Evolution: Standardized across major versions like C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20, C++23, and upcoming specifications

What can you build with C++?

Video Games and Game Engines. C++ powers major game engines like Unreal Engine and handles real-time 3D rendering, physics simulations, and multiplayer networking. [1, 2, 3]
Operating Systems and System Software. Core components of Windows, macOS, and Linux, along with device drivers and hardware resource monitors, are written in C++ to communicate directly with hardware. [1, 2]
Web Browsers and Compilers. High-speed rendering engines like Chromium and compilers for other programming languages rely on C++ to parse and execute code rapidly. [1, 2, 3]
Databases and Cloud Infrastructure. High-throughput database management systems like MySQL use C++ to process millions of queries with minimal latency. [1, 2]
Embedded Systems and IoT. Smart appliances, medical devices, automotive firmware, and home automation controllers use C++ because it runs reliably on hardware with limited memory. [1, 2]
AI, Machine Learning, and Finance. Machine learning frameworks like TensorFlow and high-frequency financial trading platforms use C++ for heavy mathematical computations and sub-millisecond execution. [1, 2]

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
    {
        cout << "Number: " << i << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

Number: 1
Number: 2
Number: 3
...
Number: 10

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int i = 1;

    while (i <= 5)
    {
        cout << i << endl;
        i++;
    }

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int addNumbers(int a, int b)
{
    return a + b;
}

int main()
{
    int result = addNumbers(10, 20);

    cout << "Total: " << result << endl;

    return 0;
}

Total: 30

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        cout << numbers[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Product
{
public:
    string name;
    double price;
    int quantity;

    void displayProduct()
    {
        cout << "Product: " << name << endl;
        cout << "Price: RM" << price << endl;
        cout << "Quantity: " << quantity << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    Product product1;

    product1.name = "Burger";
    product1.price = 8.50;
    product1.quantity = 10;

    product1.displayProduct();

    return 0;
}

Product: Burger
Price: RM8.5
Quantity: 10

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    ofstream file("data.txt");

    if (file.is_open())
    {
        file << "Welcome to C++ Programming!";
        file.close();

        cout << "File saved successfully!";
    }

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    string productName;
    double price, subtotal, tax, total;
    int quantity;

    cout << "Product Name: ";
    getline(cin, productName);

    cout << "Price: RM";
    cin >> price;

    cout << "Quantity: ";
    cin >> quantity;

    subtotal = price * quantity;
    tax = subtotal * 0.06;
    total = subtotal + tax;

    cout << "\n----- POS RECEIPT -----" << endl;
    cout << "Product: " << productName << endl;
    cout << "Price: RM" << price << endl;
    cout << "Quantity: " << quantity << endl;
    cout << "Subtotal: RM" << subtotal << endl;
    cout << "Tax: RM" << tax << endl;
    cout << "Total: RM" << total << endl;

    return 0;
}